Background

Somalia has been on a trajectory toward political stabilization and reconstruction. In 2012, a Provisional
Constitution was adopted, establishing the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS). Following this political transition
and the subsequent establishment of Federal Member States (FMSs), periodic elections since 2012 have been
conducted through representatives and described as relatively peaceful and transitions although faced with
challenges, smooth. The last elections faced some delays but later held in 2022 establishing the current
administration. The sustained political, economic, and institutional reforms have enabled the rebuilding of core
state functions, though the country’s fiscal position remains largely supported by official development assistance,
remittances, and foreign direct investment. The country still faces persistent insecurity, conflict, and unresolved
political tensions, as demonstrated by the delay of the elections from 2020 to 2022. A new President was officially
inaugurated on June 9, 2022.