Background

Somalia, with its vast expanse of fertile land and diverse climatic conditions, holds significant
potential for agricultural development. Covering a total land area of 637,657 km2, the country
boasts approximately 8.9 million hectares of arable land, offering favorable conditions for
agricultural activities. Agriculture and livestock sectors together contribute approximately 70%
to the country’s GDP, employ around 80% of the population, and account for 90% of exports1.
Key agricultural statistics reveal Somalia’s agricultural prowess. Approximately 14% of the
total land area is under cultivation2, with around 25% of crop production being supported by
irrigation systems3. The country experiences an average annual rainfall of 610 mm and
maintains an average temperature of 28°C4, providing suitable conditions for agricultural
production. Somalia is also home to two main rivers, with a total length exceeding 2,300 km,
contributing to irrigation and supporting agricultural activities5. Furthermore, Somalia ranks as
the 7th largest producer of sesame globally, highlighting its potential in agricultural
production6.
The agricultural cooperative is a popular crop and livestock production model. In Somalia,
agricultural cooperatives are mostly concentrated in Gedo, Middle Juba, Lower Juba, Lower
Shebelle, Middle Shebelle, Hiran regions, Bay, and Bakol regions.
Agricultural cooperatives play a crucial role in the economic development of Somalia,
providing essential services to farmers, enhancing productivity, and contributing to food
security. However, the sector faces numerous challenges, including a complex regulatory
environment, limited access to markets, and inadequate financial management.